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For Full Report: http://kenya.iom.int/sites/default/files/Human_Trafficking_in_Eastern_Africa.pdf Executive Summary Trafficking in persons has been a reported problem in Eastern Africa for several years, but at the.time.we.began.our.research,.few.primary.research.studies.that.systematically.investigate. and.describe.the.phenomenon.had.been.published..IOM’s.research.efforts.have.focused.on. investigating the factors that may be facilitating human trafficking in Eastern Africa; developing profiles of both traffickers and their victims, exploring the activities, means and purposes of trafficking in the region; and the health conditions of trafficked people in Eastern Africa. A.review.of.existing.literature.indicates.that.individual.characteristics.such.as.gender,.socioeconomic.status,.education,.employment,.and.personal.aspirations.may.be.related.to.an.individual’s likelihood of being trafficked. Family factors such as family size, death of one or both.parents,.and.divorce.are.considered.to.be.potentially.relevant.factors,.as.are.community. characteristics.such.as.access.to.services,.employment,.or.education.and.training.opportunities. The demand for trafficked labour has been documented in Eastern Africa in the following sectors.and.industries:.agriculture,.mining,.services,.domestic.work,.and.prostitution..People. have also reportedly been trafficked for military service, forced marriage, and ritual purposes. That Eastern Africa is affected by both internal and international trafficking is also mentioned in a number of reports, but the understanding of effects of trafficking on individuals and their communities.in.Eastern.Africa.is.limited.. A number of factors that may have a broad impact on trafficking were examined. These included.migration,.labour.forces.such.as.levels.of.income.and.employment,.aspirations.to. certain livelihoods, conflict, governance and law enforcement, and gender roles and genderbased.violence..Internal.and.regional.migration.is.common.and.entrenched.in.the.region… While.the.majority.of.surveyed.respondents.reported.that.labour.migration.is.common.in.their. home areas, in Tanzania this was more true for trafficked than non-trafficked respondents. This indicates an association either between being trafficked and coming from an area where labour migration is common or between being trafficked and perceiving labour migration to be.a.common.practice.in.one’s.home.area,.though.it.was.less.true.in.Kenya..With.regards. to.source.communities,.we.found.that.in.Uganda,.those.who.came.from.source.areas.were. more likely to be unemployed, confirming our hypothesis that these communities may have on average higher rates of unemployment. In Tanzania, however, lower income levels in home areas, rather than lower levels of employment, were found to be associated with trafficking, confirming our hypothesis that source communities may have lower income levels, pushing trafficking victims out. In destination areas, we found that in Kenya, those from destination areas.were.more.likely.to.be.unemployed.than.those.from.non-destination.areas,.contrary.to. our expectations. In Tanzania we found that those from destination areas were more likely to have a higher income, confirming our hypothesis that destination communities may have on average higher income levels, pulling trafficking victims in. Traffickers were also found to exploit.their.victims’.aspirations.to.certain.types.of.employment.during.the.recruitment.process.. Conflict, insufficient government policies, legislation, programmes, and law enforcement may also be contributing to an environment in which traffickers act with impunity while attitudes and values regarding women and children may contribute to their vulnerability to being trafficked. People’s perceptions of trafficking in each country were also investigated. In Kenya 83 percent of survey respondents agreed that people in their area know what human trafficking is. In Tanzania this fell to 56 per cent, in Uganda to 34 per cent, and in Burundi to 12 per cent (these findings apply only to our samples, not to the general populations of those countries). However, most respondents in Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania agreed that human trafficking is occurring.in.their.region..A.minority.of.respondents.in.each.country.also.reported.having.heard. or seen things related to trafficking in human organs. …
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