Following the alarming findings of previous research on the widespread tolerance of violence against women in the home, and the high rate of children being disciplined in a violent manner, this research seeks to understand gender-based violence and the physical punishment of children, what the drivers are of these practices, what keeps them as part of Kosovan society, and what supports the perpetuation of violence from one generation to another. One of the research assumptions was that there are strong social norms (a complex system of values, individual beliefs, social expectations, reinforcements and punishments) in Kosovo that support violent practices within the family and between couples. Using qualitative research methods, the research draws on 50 focus group discussions with men and women from different socio-economic backgrounds, a range of settings and different age groups, as well as 34 in-depth interviews with community leaders and service providers to explore the understanding of and attitudes towards gender roles – man/woman, boy/girl, husband/wife, parent/child – and violence. Additionally, one focus group discussion was organized with children, to gain insights into their perceptions of and attitudes towards violence.