Human traffickers profit from preying on people’s vulnerabilities – then offering them something they want or need. What R&B singer R. Kelly had to offer was more glamorous on the outside, and certainly less common, but the elements of trafficking were the same. He preyed on young people’s dreams – their naivety in some cases, their material need in others. For some, he offered the promise of a career in the music industry; wish fulfillment at a level few young people can resist. For others, he dangled the idea of a relationship or family. What he got in exchange was sex, obedience, subservience, whatever he wanted, from people he defrauded, manipulated and traumatized.

Based on what we learned through testimonies during Kelly’s six-week trial, here are a few other ways in which his tactics mirror what we commonly see in more typical situations of human trafficking:

• Recruitment: Kelly often followed a standard sex trafficking recruitment pattern. He (or his associates) would identify underage aspiring artists, express an interest in helping them develop their talents, then manipulate them into sexual relationships with promises of love, a successful career, or other things of value. False promises of success or fame are frequently used by traffickers to lure victims into sex or labor situations.
• Isolation: Once Kelly recruited his victims, he frequently isolated them from their friends and families. One victim, Jerhonda Pace, testified that he confiscated her cell phone. While another, who went by Jane, testified that he discouraged all the women from communicating with or visiting their families by telling them they “did not mean anything” to their families. Isolation is a common way in which traffickers attempt to maintain control over their victims without interference from external parties.
• Monitoring and Surveillance: Those victims who lived with Kelly, or in one of his homes, were made to follow strict rules and their movement was restricted. During the trial, a former assistant testified that many of Kelly’s victims had to request his permission to do most things, like eat or use the bathroom, and Kelly or a manager were often called in if these rules were broken. It is not uncommon for traffickers to surveil and restrict the movement of their victims, often with the help of others.
• Threats of Violence: Traffickers often threaten to harm victims or their loved ones as a way to continue controlling them or prevent them from reporting. One witness, identified as Sonja, testified that after being abused and kept in a room against her will for days she was allowed to leave, but was threatened by one of Kelly’s associates who told her they had addresses and phone numbers for her and some of her loved ones. As a result, Sonja did not initially report the abuse she experienced out of fear and a concern that no one would believe her.

These were the heart-wrenching stories told to a jury day in and day out in a trial that ended with Kelly’s conviction for racketeering and sex trafficking. Through these testimonies, prosecutors convinced the jury that, with the help of his associates, assistants, and managers, Kelly ran a criminal enterprise that allowed him to sexually abuse and exploit minors.

This guilty verdict follows decades of abuse endured by Kelly’s victims – almost exclusively young Black women and men. The verdict sends an important message to other would-be exploiters but the process of reaching it lays bare some fundamental inequities in the criminal justice system – the same inequities that lead to Black girls being far more likely than their white counterparts to be arrested on charges related to prostitution.

For over 30 years, Kelly has been at the center of accusations and charges related to the exploitation and abuse of young women and men. That it took this many decades to stop the abuse and hold him accountable is a disturbing example of how our society often dismisses abuse when it impacts Black people, particularly Black women. As activist and #MuteRKelly co-founder Kenyette Tisha Barnes put it, R. Kelly is “the greatest example of a predator in that he went after the most vulnerable that no one cares about.”

The courageous women and men who came forward to face their trafficker and abuser did so despite several attempts by the defense to discredit them – painting them as groupies or disgruntled fans trying to capitalize on Kelly’s fame. They did so despite years of being silenced and shamed by Kelly’s supporters and society at large. This verdict is a victory for them and an example of the change that can come about when survivors are provided the space to share their experiences and be heard.

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