The overall purpose of the study is to provide a baseline assessment of the criminal syndicates along the smuggling/tracking corridor on the Horn of Africa-Central Mediterranean route, and how they operate across source, transit, and destination countries. Between June and September 2015, a team from Sahan, operating under the auspices of ISSP, conducted primary and secondary research on the presence and operations of human smuggling and trafficking networks in Ethiopia, Sudan, and Libya, with special emphasis on operations.