In Latvia links between human trafficking and sham marriages have been identified. However, not all sham marriages can be considered to be human trafficking. The present report aims to characterise those forms of human trafficking that are linked to sham marriages and to identify where signs of exploitation can be discerned. The main concept used in the report is exploitative sham marriage (in Latvian, ekspluatatīvas fiktīvas laulības). The aim of the project is, on the basis of national reports, to contribute to the creation of a uniform international understanding of this form of human trafficking – human trafficking with the aim of involving a person in a sham marriage. In addition, the aim is to formulate national and European Union (EU) level policy recommendations, based upon the findings of the study on this form of human trafficking.