This review examines relevant research, legislation and regulations in Canada and internationally, as well as related reports to examine, review, analyze, and subsequently report on, relevant research in the area of sexual exploitation and human trafficking of Aboriginal women and girls in Canada. The results of the research were compiled and analyzed and include relevant qualitative and quantitative statistics from the literature. In addition to the literature review, this report includes findings drawn from interviews held with pertinent stakeholders such as legal experts, law enforcement officers, crown attorneys, policy makers and policy analysts, experiential survivors, representatives of community-based women’s organizations supporting Aboriginal women and girls generally, as well as those that support sexually exploited or trafficked Aboriginal women and girls. The avenues of inquiry for this study resulted in an exploration of the root causes and impacts of trafficking and sexual exploitation on Aboriginal women and girls in general; identified the service gaps and priority areas to be addressed; examined the linkages between the experiences with the sexual exploitation of Aboriginal women and girls; and explored local, regional, and national endeavours (legal, justice, and policing-based) aimed at fighting and preventing sexual exploitation and trafficking.