Human trafficking in Mongolia is a difficult problem to monitor. For illegal trafficking, there are few if any statistics available. One estimate, by the Human Rights Commission in Mongolia, postulated that by the end of 2002 over 200 women had been trafficked.1 Women are the primary victims of trafficking in and out of Mongolia. What we do know is that human trafficking there is on the increase, and that to effectively counter the threats posed by it, the problems that lead to such dire situations must be understood. In addition, the threats posed by trafficking itself must be studied in order to prevent such abuses in future.