This paper is a qualitative exploration of human trafficking as a form of modern day slavery from the theoretical stand-point of Marxian political economy. Drawing insights from the Nigerian experience, the paper posits that by its nature, motive and modality, human trafficking depicts an instance of neo-slavery with strong materialist underpinnings. The paper recommends among other things, the enactment of a self-standing international law against human trafficking as a panacea to the phenomenon in view of its increasingly trans-national character. Information drawn from relevant extant literature constituted the substance of analysis for the paper.